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"baked earth",[2] from the Latin terra cocta),[3] a type of earthenware, is a
clay-based unglazed or glazed ceramic,[4] where the fired body is porous.
Terracotta is the term normally used for sculpture made in earthenware,
and also for various utilitarian uses including vessels (notably flower pots),
water and waste water pipes, bricks, and surface embellishment in building
construction.[5] The term is also used to refer to the natural, brownish orange
color, of most terracotta, which varies considerably.
This article covers the senses of terracotta as a medium in sculpture,
as in the Terracotta Army and Greek terracotta figurines, and architectural
decoration. Asian and European sculpture in porcelain is not covered. Glazed
architectural terracotta and its unglazed version were used in Asia for some
centuries before becoming popular in the West in the 19th century.
In archaeology and art history, "terracotta" is often used to describe objects
such as figurines not made on a potter's wheel. Vessels and other objects that
are or might be made on a wheel from the same material are called earthenware
pottery; the choice of term depends on the type of object rather than the material
or firing technique.[6] Unglazed pieces, and those made for building construction
and industry, are also more likely to be referred to as terracotta, whereas
tableware and other vessels are called earthenware (though sometimes terracotta
if unglazed), or by a more precise term such as faience.
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